{"id":8068,"date":"2023-11-03T15:51:54","date_gmt":"2023-11-03T12:51:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/karartmarble.com\/?p=8068"},"modified":"2023-11-03T16:03:23","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T13:03:23","slug":"tarihi-yapilarin-onariminda-dogal-tas-kullanimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/tarihi-yapilarin-onariminda-dogal-tas-kullanimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarihi Yap\u0131lar\u0131n Onar\u0131m\u0131nda Do\u011fal Ta\u015f Kullan\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Do\u011fal ta\u015flar, \u00e7ok eski d\u00f6nemlerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek, giderek artan bir bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal ta\u015flar, tarihi yap\u0131larda tasar\u0131mc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7 ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k sembol\u00fc olarak, kal\u0131c\u0131 eserler yapmak \u00fczere kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta\u015f yap\u0131lar; s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir mimari ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 destekler; ge\u00e7mi\u015fin, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ve yar\u0131n\u0131n mimarisi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 ifade eder. Do\u011fal ta\u015flar yaln\u0131zca dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6zellikleri ile de\u011fil, sahip olduklar\u0131 renk ve doku \u00e7e\u015fitlilikleri ile de tercih edilmi\u015ftir. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da M\u00d6 2560 tarihinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, yaln\u0131zca do\u011fal ta\u015f bloklar dan yap\u0131lan B\u00fcy\u00fck Gize piramitleri halen ayaktad\u0131r. Burada ta\u015f; g\u00fcc\u00fc, otoriteyi ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ifade eden an\u0131tsal yap\u0131lar yaratmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk ta\u015f yap\u0131lar, savunma yap\u0131lar\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ta\u015f; kat\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r, g\u00fcvenlik duygusu verir; \u00f6rne\u011fin M\u00d6 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya p\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u00c7in Seddi, ta\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131n halen ayakta kalabilmi\u015f en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerden biridir. Ta\u015f, \u00e7ok uzun zamandan beri kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve sa\u011flaml\u0131k kavramlar\u0131 ile e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. On alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131ldan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelebilmi\u015f bir\u00e7ok de\u011ferli eserin ba\u015f mimar\u0131 olan Mimar Sinan, bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131s\u0131nda Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y-Haznedar civar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, k\u00fcfeki (maktral\u0131 kalker) olarak bilinen ta\u015f\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Erken Bizans ve Ge\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki yap\u0131larda \u201cOd ta\u015f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 ile bilinen t\u00fcfler, yo\u011funlukla pencere s\u00f6vesi, cephe kaplama ta\u015f\u0131 vb. olarak veya saray mutfaklar\u0131ndaki ocaklarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ta\u015f \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc kullan\u0131m\u0131 olan; yap\u0131larda duvar, d\u00f6\u015feme ve \u00e7at\u0131 gibi k\u0131s\u0131mlarda de\u011ferlendirilebilen bir malzemedir. Ta\u015f; mekanik dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri ile de i\u00e7 mek\u00e2nda termal konforu (ge\u00e7 so\u011fuma \u00f6zelli\u011fi, \u0131s\u0131 depolama kapasitesi) sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Mardin, Urfa ve Diyarbak\u0131r evleri y\u00f6reye \u00f6zg\u00fc do\u011fal ta\u015flar ile in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, bu sayede b\u00f6lgesel bir mimari kimlik ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fal ta\u015flar; do\u011frudan elde edilebilen, \u00e7evreye zararl\u0131 maddeler yaymayan, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir, (yeniden kullan\u0131m olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan), ekolojik bir malzemedir. Do\u011fal ta\u015flar, yap\u0131da kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok malzemenin de ana maddesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin agrega olarak; beton, pi\u015fmi\u015f toprak gibi malzemelerde; ayr\u0131ca \u00e7imento, kire\u00e7 ve al\u00e7\u0131 gibi ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal ta\u015flar, yaln\u0131zca yap\u0131larda de\u011fil, peyzaj d\u00fczenlemeleri, kent mobilyalar\u0131, heykeller, s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131, mezarl\u0131klar vb. alanlarda da yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir malzemedir. \u00c7ok eski devirlerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek, do\u011fal ta\u015flar yap\u0131larda ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 eleman olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. End\u00fcstri Devrimi ile birlikte betonarme ve \u00e7elik gibi malzemeler \u00fcretilmi\u015f; yap\u0131larda bu malzemelerle in\u015fa edilen karkas (iskelet) sistem ile yeni bir yap\u0131m teknolojisi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu d\u00f6neme kadar, do\u011fal ta\u015f bloklarla \u00f6r\u00fclen duvarlarla olu\u015fturulan y\u0131\u011fma yap\u0131lar \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemde ta\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 iki \u015fekilde grupland\u0131r\u0131labilir: S\u00fcrekli kullan\u0131m olarak duvarlarda ve noktasal kullan\u0131m \u015feklinde s\u00fctun ve ayaklarda. Ayr\u0131ca do\u011fal ta\u015flar, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ge\u00e7en sistemlerde; lento, kemer, payanda, tonoz ve
kubbe yap\u0131m\u0131nda da s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131, y\u00fcksek binalar yapma e\u011filimi nedeniyle, y\u0131\u011fma yap\u0131m sistemi yerine betonarme ve \u00e7elik karkas sistemler daha \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemde do\u011fal ta\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 eskisi kadar ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rmemektedir. Do\u011fal ta\u015flar, yap\u0131larda yatayda ve d\u00fc\u015feyde kaplama olarak ya da dekoratif \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde daha fazla tercih edilmektedir. Do\u011fal ta\u015flar, bilhassa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6zellikleri ve ta\u015f i\u015fleme teknolojisinin geli\u015fmesi ile kolayl\u0131kla elde edilebilen estetik y\u00fczeyler sayesinde, di\u011fer yap\u0131 malzemelerine g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok talep g\u00f6rmektedir. Mimari tasar\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda, yap\u0131
elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imlenmesini do\u011frudan etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler vard\u0131r. Do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labilmesi; yani uzun d\u00f6nem performans g\u00f6sterebilmesi i\u00e7in, ta\u015f\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinin bilinmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Do\u011fal ta\u015flar\u0131n se\u00e7iminde; fiziksel, mekanik, teknolojik ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri, ekonomik olmas\u0131, temin kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f-estetik gibi fakt\u00f6rler se\u00e7im parametreleri olarak kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte tarihi eserlerde ta\u015flar\u0131n renk, doku vd. \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, o d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fanan
nakliye s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle kolayca temin edilebilenlerin se\u00e7ilmesi s\u00f6z konusuydu. Ar\u015fiv belgelerine g\u00f6re (S. Acun \u00d6zg\u00fcnler, 2007), yap\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fa edilece\u011fi b\u00f6lgedeki ocaklardan veya en yak\u0131n yerden getirtilebilecek ta\u015flar\u0131 se\u00e7me e\u011filimi vard\u0131. Bu nedenle \u0130stanbul ve \u00e7evresinde \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131
s\u0131ra; dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck volkanik t\u00fcf cinsi ta\u015flar\u0131n da atmosfere a\u00e7\u0131k yerlerde kaplamal\u0131k olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Fener-Balat\u2019taki y\u0131\u011fma ta\u015f binalar\u0131n cephelerinde \u201cOd ta\u015f\u0131\u201d diye bilinen ye\u015fil renkli riyolitik-dasitik t\u00fcf cinsi ta\u015flar yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do\u011fal ta\u015flar, \u00e7ok eski d\u00f6nemlerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek, giderek artan bir bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal ta\u015flar, tarihi yap\u0131larda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":6641,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-karartmarble"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8068"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8068\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.karartmarble.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}